Umair Shaikh

Himalayas  The Himalayas is one of the young fold mountains in the world. The Himalayas extend from pamir knot in Tajikistan to the east .it is a major mountain system of the Asian continent. The india ,it extent from jammu and Kashmir to arunachal Pradesh.  The Himalayas is not a single mountain range .there are many parallel ranges in the system. The southmost is known as siwaliks. It is also the youngest range.next to siwaliks are lesser Himalayas, greater Himalayas ranges from south to north. these ranges are young to old respectively.  These mountain ranges are also divided into western Himalayas (or Kashmir Himalayas). Central Himalayas (or kumaun Himalayas) and eastern Himalayas ( or assam Himalayas).

  Heredity and hereditary changes  You know that heredity is the transfer of biological characters  from one generation to another via Gene's.  Johann Gregory mendel is pioneer of the modern genetics. Around the period of 1886 ,it took a long time for him to understand the conclusions of his research about heredity. In 1901,the reason behind the sudden changes were understood due to the mutational theory of hugo de vies. Meanwhile in 1902 ,Walter and sutton observed the paired chromosomes in the cells of grasshopper; until then it was not known to anyone.Research started in the direction of finding the nature of genetic material when it was proved that genes are carried via chromosomes. Through which 1944,trio of scientists Ostwald  avery ,Mclyn mc cathy and colin MacLeod proved that except viruses ,all living organisms have DNA as genetic material.  In 1961,the French geneticists Francois Jacob and Jack monald proposed a model for process  of protein ...